A team of researchers from SEGi University has developed a biodegradable and hydro-degradable composite material for 3D printing, addressing the growing concerns of plastic waste and microplastic pollution. The study, conducted by Mieow Kee Chan, Chan Chin Wang, Yi Shen Tee, Mei Hui Tan, and Shamini Janasekaran, explores the potential of starch/wood powder/glycerol/lemongrass essential oil (SWGL) composites as a sustainable alternative to thermoplastics in additive manufacturing.
Traditional 3D printing materials rely heavily on thermoplastics, which not only contribute to microplastic pollution but also release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) during printing. This research focuses on developing an eco-friendly, hydro-degradable composite material that combines starch, wood powder, glycerol, and lemongrass essential oil (LEO) to improve printability, strength, and biodegradability
One of the key challenges in developing starch-based 3D printing materials is low mechanical strength. Starch is known for its biodegradability but lacks durability. The study discovered that coating the starch and incorporating LEO significantly enhanced the material’s strength and water absorption properties.
Key Findings from the Research:
- Strength Increased by 55% – Adding 0.2 wt% of LEO improved the composite’s mechanical properties.
- Enhanced Water Absorption – The material exhibited high hydro-degradability, particularly in acidic environments, making it suitable for biodegradable applications.
- Better Printability – The SWGL composite maintained structural integrity during printing, ensuring high-quality designs.
- Eco-Friendly & Biodegradable – The material breaks down naturally in water, reducing environmental impact.
The study highlights the potential for hydro-degradable 3D printing materials in real-world applications. The SWGL composite was successfully used to print objects such as photo frames and souvenirs, demonstrating its practical viability for consumer products. The integration of lemongrass essential oil not only strengthened the material but also enhanced its sustainability properties.
The SWGL composite with 0.5 wt% LEO is identified as a promising material for environmentally friendly 3D printing applications. With further research and optimization, it could be expanded to various sectors, including:
- Eco-friendly packaging materials
- Sustainable home décor and consumer goods
- Custom biodegradable medical devices
As industries shift towards greener alternatives, sustainable materials like SWGL composites could redefine the future of additive manufacturing.
This research contributes to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs):
SDG 9 – Industry, Innovation, and Infrastructure: Advancing eco-friendly manufacturing technologies.
SDG 12 – Responsible Consumption and Production: Reducing reliance on petroleum-based plastics.
SDG 13 – Climate Action: Promoting biodegradable alternatives to combat pollution.